Ecological and health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sediment core of Phayao Lake, Thailand

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment cores from Phayao Lake were investigated terms of their concentration, distribution, and potential effects on the environment human health. The concentration ?16PAHs ranged 77.6 to 1251.1 ng g-1. Additionally, low molecular weight PAHs (two or three fused rings) dominant, indicating that main source is incomplete combustion organic sources. toxic equivalent quantities (TEQs) 16 varied 2.67 155.09 g-1, with an average 38.29 ± 46.69 Furthermore, TEQs 9 known carcinogenic averaged 20.77 30.63 B[a]P had highest TEQ, followed by D[a,h]A B[k]F, values 16.93 25.49, 13.89 15.37 2.12 3.64, respectively. RQ(NCs) ?PAHs (RQ?PAHs(NCs)) 1.65 × 10-4 6.27 10-1 value 1.18 100 1.52 100. Moreover, was less than 1 for individual PAHs, a minor risk. However, RQ(MPCs) moderate results showed significant incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) sediment-bound dermal absorption, ingestion inhalation, as prevalent route exposure. measured ILCR all 10-6 both adults children, which lower baseline value, each PAH poses humans. This study provides information control preventive actions limit future pollution Lake.